Sudden Oak Life workshop at Lyngso on Oct. 15

27 09 2011

Sudden Oak Life Workshop

Date: Saturday, October 15, 2011

Time: 10 to 11:30 am

Location: Lyngso Garden Materials, 19 Seaport Blvd., Redwood City, CA

Phone: 650-364-1730

Fee: $5

Register: Sudden Oak Life workshop at Lyngso

For thousands of years the native California people tended oak forests and other food-producing ecosystems using prescribed fire and other methods of traditional land management. Now-a-days, with the suppression of fires, oaks and other trees are experiencing accelerated rates of decline in many parts of California. By revisiting the practices of the native people we are provided an effective means of intervening in the decline of trees without the use of synthetic chemicals. Details will be presented on how fires and fire mimicry methods act to improve the fertility of soils and the health of trees. Results will be shown of case studies involving a suite of techniques and natural products to restore oak trees.

Lee Klinger, MA PhD is an independent scientist and ecological consultant from Big Sur, CA with over 25 years of professional experience and over 50 peer-reviewed publications in the fields of biogeochemistry, forest ecology, and soil science.  Dr. Klinger has worked as a staff scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, and has held scholarly appointments at the University of Colorado, the University of Oxford, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.





Restoration of oaks in Sonoma using fire mimicry

26 09 2011

Last week I visited an oak grove in Sonoma where restoration efforts using fire mimicry began in 2009. Several of the coast live oaks had symptoms of Sudden Oak Death, and many other oaks were in rather poor health. Underbrush was cleared, dead branches were pruned, mosses and lichens were removed from the trunks, minerals were applied to the soil along with compost and mulch, and the trunks sprayed with a mineral-rich lime spray.

After this work began several of the oaks have since been heavily impacted by some new home construction. Despite this, most of the impacted oaks have shown a noticeable improvement in their health over the two year period. The photos below show the results.

Read the rest of this entry »





Stewarding oaks with fire mimicry

19 09 2011

Last week I visited several groves of coast live oaks in the Bay area (Los Altos Hills, Woodside, and Oakland) that were treated one year ago for the first time using fire mimicry protocols. This post shows the results so far.

While Sudden Oak Death was (and still is) present in the nearby oaks, all of the oaks in the photos were uninfected with Sudden Oak Death at the time of treatment and remain uninfected after one year. As you can see most of the oaks are showing improvement in canopy density, some more than others, although a few are showing no noticeable change. The no change condition is not a poor result as it indicates that the canopy health of the oaks has not deteriorated. Also, it is not unusual for oaks to take three to five years to respond fully to the fire mimicry treatments. Still, it is encouraging to see that most of the treated oaks are experienced a noticeable flush of new growth in just the first year.

Read the rest of this entry »





On managing California bay laurels to improve oak health

16 07 2011

UPDATE: For a more detailed discussion of the science and traditional knowledge on this subject please refer to my new book Forged by Fire: The Cultural Tending of Trees and Forests in Big Sur and Beyond” https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0D3ZVMB3P

Removing young bay laurels and burning the remains. Photo by Lee Klinger.

Several friends and tree professionals have contacted me about my thoughts on the following article by Peter Femrite that recently appeared in the San Francisco Chronicle:

Saving oak trees by chopping down bay trees

Workers began chopping down 250 California bay laurels this week in the Santa Cruz Mountains so that 49 signature oak trees might be saved from the infectious scourge known as sudden oak death.

The tree-removal project is an attempt by the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District to prevent the spread of the tree-killing pathogen, which uses bay trees to scatter spores in the forest.

(h/t to R Zingaro for alerting me to this article)

First, there are important points here with which I agree. The bays are clearly major vectors for sudden oak death disease. I do believe that selective removal of bays will lower the incidence of sudden oak death (SOD). However, I am bothered by the singular focus on the disease. I would rather the focus of efforts be made toward promoting the overall health of the forest ecosystem. Read the rest of this entry »





New study with implications for fire management of oak woodlands

8 07 2011

Managed fire in a California oak woodland. Photo by Lee Klinger.

A recent study reported at Science Daily on the fire history of post oaks in Illinois reads like page from the history of California oak woodlands:

Old-Growth Tree Stumps Tell the Story of Fire in the Upper Midwest

The new study, in the journal Castanea, confirms that the people who lived in Illinois before European settlers arrived [Native Americans] were in the habit of setting fires in the region nearly every year, with fires in the Hamilton County woodland occurring at least every two or three years, McClain said. This repeated burning actually stabilized the prairies and open woodlands that dominated the region until the late 19th century, when the fire-suppression efforts of the new settlers allowed different plant species to take over, the researchers said.

The study was conducted by William McClain, a botanist with the Illinois State Museum along with researchers John Ebinger and Greg Spyreas, of the Illinois Natural History Survey at the University of Illinois. They also report:

“For hundreds, maybe thousands of years, this was a stable post oak woodland,” Spyreas said. “And then you have a gap of a couple of decades where there were no fires and suddenly the whole system is completely different. It’s amazing how, from Kansas to Ohio, these ecosystems completely depend on fire to be stable.”

See the full report here.

To all you Californian’s concerned about the oaks, this study is highly relevant.





Oak restoration results with fire mimicry

7 06 2011

Fire mimicry practices, which involve clearing (shrubs and young trees, especially bays), pruning, trunk care, and amending soils with mineral and organic rich fertilizers, are continuing to have a positive effect on sick oaks here in California. Below are some repeat photography results for several coast live oaks in Carmel, Pebble Beach, Santa Barbara that have been treated with fire mimicry for three years. The main caveat is that the oaks in these pictures, while ill, are not severely diseased. The oaks that are severely diseased are not faring as well. Scroll down to see the results.

  Read the rest of this entry »





Grandfather oak – April 2011 update

15 05 2011

Last April I reported on the progress being made in helping ‘grandfather oak‘, a very old and diseased coast live oak on King Mountain in Marin Open Space. I returned this past April along with a small contingent of volunteers to continue the efforts we started 3.5 years ago. We cleared the genista, poison oak, and small bays, fertilized with Azomite, oyster shell flour, and soft rock phosphate, and applied a lime spray to the trunk. Below is a photo of all the volunteers. They are (from left to right) Kathleen Cannon, John Furnas, Roger Diehnel, Greg Reza (Parks & Open Space Volunteer Coordinater), Dick Gale, Donna Shoemaker (project leader), and Carl Thoelicke.

Volunteers caring for Grandfather Oak

Our efforts for Grandfather Oak are not about treating any disease or pests. Indeed, the oak is probably well past being cured of sudden oak death. This is an attempt to give this oak a fighting chance to extend its life and live out the remainder of its years in a healthier, more nourishing state.

The photos below show that, indeed, our efforts seem to be helping. Read the rest of this entry »





Sudden Oak Life workshop resources

2 04 2011

Thanks to all the interested homeowners and tree professionals who attended my workshop today at Marin Waldorf School. As promised, here are the links to some of the papers and books discussed in my talk. Enjoy!

Forest vegetation and soil succession
A 2009 scientific paper by L. Klinger   Read On>>

A holistic approach to mitigating pathogenic effects on trees
A 2008 scientific paper by L. Klinger   Read On >>

Bryophytes and soil acidification effects on trees: the case of Sudden Oak Death
A 2005 scientific paper by L. Klinger   Read On >>

Examining the relationship between fire history and sudden oak death patterns
A scientific paper by M. Moritz and D. Odion   Read On >>

Ecological evidence for large-scale silviculture by California Indians (Chapter 6)
by L. Klinger; in Unlearning the Language of Conquest edited by Four Arrows   Read On >>

Tending the wild
An excellent book by M Kat Anderson  Read On>>





Sudden Oak Life workshop in Marin

24 03 2011

Applying fire mimicry methods on a sick coast live oak. Photo by Lee Klinger.

The Marin Waldorf School is hosting a Sudden Oak Life workshop on Saturday, April 2, 2011 from 10:30 am to 2 pm. I will be presenting information on the science and practice of fire mimicry techniques (including a demonstration) in the care of oaks and other trees. Marin Waldorf School is located at 755 Idylberry Rd. in San Rafael, CA. This “hands on” event is open to the public and the cost is $30, with a sliding scale. Please RSVP with the school front office at 415-479-8190.





Press coverage of the Hidden Villa Workshop

2 02 2011

Arborists gather at Hidden Villa for a workshop on organic methods of preventing sudden oak death. Photo by Pam Walatka

Published Monday, January 31, 2011 in the Los Altos Patch:

An Ecological Approach to Sudden Oak Death Prevention

A workshop with Lee Klinger promotes fire-mimicking techniques to help oak trees survive, without burning a thing.

In workshops offered recently by Hidden Villa, ecologist Lee Klinger demonstrated ways to prevent Sudden Oak Death. If you’ve driven through our hills and noticed whole oaks turned brown and dead, you may be looking at an example of this blight on our oak trees.

Klinger’s method mimics the effects of forest fires. His theory is that oaks are fire-adapted and thus need periodic fires to remain healthy.

“Fire replenishes minerals, removes competition and reduces sources of acidity such as mosses and lichens.” With Sudden Oak Death, the plant pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum, attacks the trees through the trunks.

To mimic the effects of forest fires, he recommends cutting back underbrush that crowds the tree, removing mosses and lichens from the trunk of the oaks, spraying the tree trunk with lime, adding minerals to the soil  and topping with compost and mulch.

Klinger heads an organization called Sudden Oak Life, which promotes a soil-replenishing method to promote healthy, natural forest conditions. Many local arborists and land managers attended the first workshop; the second workshop was for nonprofessionals.

I watched Klinger demonstrate his method on a big, old oak tree at Hidden Villa. First he used loppers to cut back underbrush that was crowding the tree. Then he used a gallon-sized scoop to take minerals out of a bucket and spread them under the tree, advising workshop participants to keep looking up to see that they were covering beyond the drip line (the outer-most edges of the tree). He said that the roots often extend beyond the drip line.

Then he used a hand-pump sprayer to thoroughly coat the tree trunk (as high as he could reach with the sprayer) with a mixture of hydrated lime, sea salt and milk—making sure to get into all the cracks in the trunk bark.

He used a wheelbarrow to mix the minerals: azomite, oyster shell calcium, and rock phosphate. For a very large tree, shoveling these minerals from the wheelbarrow is an alternative to using buckets and scoops.

Klinger recommended watering deeply after spreading the minerals, rather than digging the minerals into the ground.

After the minerals, for one big tree, he adds a cubic yard of manure-compost and then covers that with two or three cubic yards of mulch. He also adds compost tea.

“All the materials I use are natural fertilizers typically used in organic agriculture,” Klinger said. “The treatment I offer does not involve any synthetic chemicals, fungicides or pesticides.”

It seems to me that Klinger’s method is an organic, sustainable, ecologically sound way of preserving our native ancient giant beautiful oak trees.

For more information, see the Sudden Oak Life website, or contact: Lee Klinger, P.O. Box 664, Big Sur 93920. Phone: 831-917-7070. E;mail: lee@suddenoaklife.org

About This Column: Each week Pam Walatka will explore life in Los Altos Hills. Pam has lived in Los Altos Hills since 1978 and has been gardening organically and sustainably since 1968. Contact Pam at pamwalatka@yahoo.com or visit pamwalatka.com.