Toro Canyon oaks after two years of fire mimicry

13 01 2011

Coast live oaks in Toro Canyon new Santa Barbara were treated two years ago with fire mimicry. The photo comparisons are presented below. While these oaks have shown a very good response to the treatments, they are not significantly different from what was seen last year (see Toro Canyon oaks). This I believe is because the owner, upon seeing the good results after one year, opted to pass on the second-year treatments. The owner has now decided to schedule another round of treatments.

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Message from an arborist

13 01 2011

Yesterday I received this email from Don Cox, an arborist who has been involved with the Sudden Oak Death problem since the very beginning. He has agreed to let me post it here:

Dear Dr. Klinger,

As a California arborist involved with the “Sudden Oak Death” syndrome since 1995, I have been aware of your work in this area. I know you are on the right track with ‘Sudden Oak Life’ and mineralization of the soils.

Since the 1990’s even before we had a positive ID of P. ramorum as a primary factor in SOD and the emphasis was directed on the pathogen as the primary cause, I believed that there was a complex set of circumstances for the advance of this species decline. I saved some significant trees for my clients in the midst of SOD killing fields of Marin, Sonoma and Santa Cruz counties, with a comprehensive PHC (plant health care) approach including soil re-mineralization. I see that you have taken up this comprehensive approach with soil health as the focus and you have had the determination to stick with your convictions in spite of the opposition.

I’ve been reviewing the Sudden Oak Life website and the results you are getting with your tree care programs; you have a lot of good information there. Keep up the good work.

Don Cox

ISA Certified Arborist WE-3023A, Tree Maintenance and Plant Health Care Advisor

Don has pointed me to two important websites:

soilminerals.com – which has a wealth of information on the use of minerals to improve plant health and soil fertility

treesolutions.com – with information and services on health care for trees of the Central Coast of California

Thank you Don for your support of a broader, more ecological approach in addressing Sudden Oak Death.





Oak health workshops at Hidden Villa

31 12 2010

In late January I will be giving two workshops on oak health at Hidden Villa, an educational wilderness preserve in Los Altos Hills, CA. The workshop on January 27 (Thursday) will be tailored for tree and land care professionals, and the workshop on January 29 (Saturday) will be for the public. Please see the flyer below for full details. Information can also be found on the Hidden Villa website calendar page. Feel free to leave a comment below if you have any questions for me directly, or email me (see Contacts page).





After five years of fire mimicry treatments . . .

17 11 2010

Five years ago fire mimicry treatments were implemented to help the trees on this property in Hillsborough, CA. I’ll let the photos tell the rest of the story . . .

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Six-year response of coast live oaks to fire mimicry

13 11 2010

Last week I visited and re-photographed several coast live oaks that were initially treated with fire mimicry in 2004. You can follow the progress of these treatments in previous posts here and here. Leith Carstarphen of EcoLogic Landscaping has been doing the fire mimicry work under my direction, and as you can see from the photographs he is doing an excellent job on these trees.

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Eucalyptus decline linked to fire suppression

7 05 2010

Earlier this year I was contacted by Vic Jurskis, a scientist with Forests NSW (Australia), alerting me to the work he has been doing on fire suppression and eucalyptus decline. He shared with me several of his scientific papers that document the pre-settlement burning of eucalyptus forests by the aboriginal people, and the critical effects that fire suppression is now having on those forests. (Reprints of these papers are available. Contact me about obtaining a reprint.)

In his most recent paper Jurskis writes –

“Exclusion of fire and/or grazing has contributed to shrub or sapling encroachment, weed invasion, loss of herbal diversity and tree decline compounded by pests, parasites and diseases. The ancient trees that were established before European settlement are especially vulnerable because they have become weaker competitors for water and nutrients, whilst they are more vulnerable to fires because they typically have exposed dry wood that is easily ignited and burns readily.”

(from Jurskis, V. 2009. River red gum and white cypress forests in south-western New South Wales, Australia: Ecological history and implications for conservation of grassy woodlands. Forest Ecology and Management 258: 2593–2601.)

In another paper Jurskis states – Read the rest of this entry »





Acute Oak Decline in the UK – Part 1

29 04 2010

Acute Oak Decline (photo from BBC)

Yesterday the BBC ran a story on Acute Oak Decline in the UK titled “Oak disease threatens landscape”. The lead in to the article states –

“The continuing spread of a deadly disease that affects the UK’s native oak trees is causing concern among tree professionals and conservation groups.”

The article goes on to describe the problem as Acute Oak Decline (AOD), which is caused by a bacterial infection that can “kill an infected tree in just a few years.”

Further down in the article is the following alarm –

“I have never seen anything like it,” said Peter Goodwin, co-founder of Woodland Heritage.

“Its spread over the last two years has been quite alarming.”

And –

“We’ve never had a bacterium that is capable of doing what this one is doing.”

In the words of Yogi Bera, “It’s like deja vu all over again”.

When similar alarms were being raised about Sudden Oak Death in the early 2000’s, the plant pathologists were able to muster up many millions of dollars in taxpayer money all to study a single disease-causing organism, Phytophthora ramorum. If you didn’t buy into their disease model then you simply didn’t get funded. Believe me, I tried – three times.

My concern with the hype around Sudden Oak Death, as it is with Acute Oak Decline, is that the role of ecology in predisposing oaks to disease is not being adequately addressed.

In the case of Acute Oak Decline, I suspect that there may be problems with the fertility of the soils that are predisposing the oaks to infection. Given the good results we’re getting here in California by adding mineral fertilizers to soils around oaks infected with Sudden Oak Death, it would be wise for the scientists studying Acute Oak Decline to pay close attention to the soil ecology.

In Part 2 of this post I will present and discuss some soil chemistry results obtained in February 2009 from an area around English oaks with Acute Oak Decline in the Royal Parks of London.





Sudden Oak Death researchers acknowledge fire suppression link to disease

24 04 2010

There is an exciting new video out titled – “The Teakettle Experiment: Fire and Forest Health” released by The Video Project.  A summary of the film states:

“The film documents the Teakettle Experiment, a ten-year collaboration of forest managers and scientists from diverse disciplines that investigated the effects of prescribed fire and forest thinning on restoring forest health.

A century of fire suppression has significantly changed many western forests, leaving them overcrowded and susceptible to disease, pests, and catastrophic crown fires that endanger lives and property.”

Here is the trailer (YouTube):

Besides describing the science behind the use of fire and fire mimicry practices in restoring forests, there is something else remarkable about this film. Read the rest of this entry »





Mimicking fire in western US forests

24 04 2010

There is an important book on fire mimicry that was written several years ago that I just came across.  The authors are Stephen Arno and Carl Fiedler, both well-known experts in forest management, and book is titled “Mimicking Nature’s Fire: Restoring Fire-prone Forests in the West” (2005) Island Press.

From the Introduction –

“After decades of studying western forests, the authors recognized that the magnificent old-growth trees that survived and depended on periodic fires disappear when deprived of this essential disturbance process. When forests of these venerable trees are managed using traditional timber harvesting methods, the features that made them famous ultimately disappear. When these forests are protected in ‘natural areas’ that fail to restore the historical role of fire – as in the majority of parks, wilderness, and primitive areas – the big old fire-resistant trees gradually die and are replaced by thickets of small trees. Our experience revealed that long-lived trees and other important features of fire-prone forests can be restored through management that mimics the effects of historical fires. Although research studies and practical examples indicate how to restore forests and reduce potential damage from wildfires, insects, and disease, they get little play in the media. However, it is these topics – scientific findings and real-world management examples – that we bring together in this book.” (my bold – lk)

Also from the Introduction –

“When people learn that more than one hundred million acres of fire-prone western (US) forests harbor deteriorating conditions outside of the historical range of variability, they are struck by the staggering extent of this problem. Given the difficulties of applying restoration, some may judge the situation hopeless. However, our experience suggests that any strategically located restoration treatments can produce noticeable benefits in reducing wildfire hazard to homes and communities and return important features of historical forests.”

Leave it to the experts to explain in abundant detail the critical reasons for implementation of fire mimicry practices to restore our oaks in California.





Grandfather oak

9 04 2010

Today my dear friend Donna Shoemaker, her friends Dick and Bob (real characters), Greg from Marin County Open Space (our helpful guide), and I ventured up King Mountain to do another fire mimicry treatment on an ancient coast live oak affectionately known as “grandfather oak”.

Donna, Dick, Bob, and grandfather oak (photo by Lee Klinger)

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