Acid rain in Big Sur – March 2011

10 04 2011

Quadruple rainbow over Black Rock desert in Nevada, 2010. Photo by Valerie Velardi.

Update: After a bit of searching I have found that the photo above actually depicts a supernumerary rainbow, not a true quadruple rainbow.

March was a particularly wet month in Big Sur with 8.81” of rain measured at my home, compared to the March average of 5.60” over the past 10 years measured at Big Sur station, just a mile or so away. The wet March triggered landslips and mudslides that closed Highway 1 and prevented me from getting home to record the pH during the height of the rains. (As of this writing, Highway 1 is still closed between Big Sur and Carmel with a projected opening date of early May.) However, I was able to record the pH of four rainfall events and the data are shown below. Read the rest of this entry »





Sudden Oak Life workshop resources

2 04 2011

Thanks to all the interested homeowners and tree professionals who attended my workshop today at Marin Waldorf School. As promised, here are the links to some of the papers and books discussed in my talk. Enjoy!

Forest vegetation and soil succession
A 2009 scientific paper by L. Klinger   Read On>>

A holistic approach to mitigating pathogenic effects on trees
A 2008 scientific paper by L. Klinger   Read On >>

Bryophytes and soil acidification effects on trees: the case of Sudden Oak Death
A 2005 scientific paper by L. Klinger   Read On >>

Examining the relationship between fire history and sudden oak death patterns
A scientific paper by M. Moritz and D. Odion   Read On >>

Ecological evidence for large-scale silviculture by California Indians (Chapter 6)
by L. Klinger; in Unlearning the Language of Conquest edited by Four Arrows   Read On >>

Tending the wild
An excellent book by M Kat Anderson  Read On>>





Sudden Oak Life workshop in Marin

24 03 2011

Applying fire mimicry methods on a sick coast live oak. Photo by Lee Klinger.

The Marin Waldorf School is hosting a Sudden Oak Life workshop on Saturday, April 2, 2011 from 10:30 am to 2 pm. I will be presenting information on the science and practice of fire mimicry techniques (including a demonstration) in the care of oaks and other trees. Marin Waldorf School is located at 755 Idylberry Rd. in San Rafael, CA. This “hands on” event is open to the public and the cost is $30, with a sliding scale. Please RSVP with the school front office at 415-479-8190.





Santa Barbara area oak health alert!

13 03 2011

I’ve just returned from a visit to Santa Barbara where I am working on a number of properties with sick oaks. I’m not sure very many people are aware, but many of the coast live oaks in Santa Barbara are suffering. I’ve inspected dozens of properties in Santa Barbara and Montecito and in almost every case I’ve found one or more coast live oaks that are infected with bleeding stem cankers. Often associated with this stem canker disease (which exhibits symptoms similar to Phytophthora infections) are a variety of fungal pathogens (e.g. Hypoxylon) and insect pests (e.g. oak bark beetles).  The sad thing is that the trees which are most affected by this decline are the large, centuries-old heritage oaks.

Of course, while these diseases and pests are clearly involved in the final demise of the oaks, they are not the real problem. Decades of fire suppression in these fire-adapted oak ecosystems has led to nutrient deficiency in the soils, declining canopy cover, a buildup of acidifying mosses and lichens, and bark deterioration.

For the past several years I have been using fire mimicry techniques to help the oaks in the Santa Barbara area. Today I would like to show the results on three large oaks I’ve been treating on a property in Montecito. As you can see in the photos above and below that two of the three oaks have responded quite nicely to the fire mimicry work. However, one severely diseased oak did not make it. I estimated that this oak was at least 200 years old when it died. Read the rest of this entry »





Acid rain in Big Sur – February 2011

2 03 2011

Sunset at Pfeiffer Beach in Big Sur. Photo by Sonya Klinger.

February 2011 in Big Sur was typically wet. There were nine precipitation events totaling 5.75”. Readings were taken for eight events and the results are reported below. Read the rest of this entry »





Acid rain in Big Sur – January 2011

18 02 2011

Sunset in Big Sur. Photo by Lee Klinger

 

January 2011 in Big Sur was relatively dry and mild. There were only three precipitation events totaling 1.83”. Readings were taken for two events and the results are reported below. Read the rest of this entry »





Press coverage of the Hidden Villa Workshop

2 02 2011

Arborists gather at Hidden Villa for a workshop on organic methods of preventing sudden oak death. Photo by Pam Walatka

Published Monday, January 31, 2011 in the Los Altos Patch:

An Ecological Approach to Sudden Oak Death Prevention

A workshop with Lee Klinger promotes fire-mimicking techniques to help oak trees survive, without burning a thing.

In workshops offered recently by Hidden Villa, ecologist Lee Klinger demonstrated ways to prevent Sudden Oak Death. If you’ve driven through our hills and noticed whole oaks turned brown and dead, you may be looking at an example of this blight on our oak trees.

Klinger’s method mimics the effects of forest fires. His theory is that oaks are fire-adapted and thus need periodic fires to remain healthy.

“Fire replenishes minerals, removes competition and reduces sources of acidity such as mosses and lichens.” With Sudden Oak Death, the plant pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum, attacks the trees through the trunks.

To mimic the effects of forest fires, he recommends cutting back underbrush that crowds the tree, removing mosses and lichens from the trunk of the oaks, spraying the tree trunk with lime, adding minerals to the soil  and topping with compost and mulch.

Klinger heads an organization called Sudden Oak Life, which promotes a soil-replenishing method to promote healthy, natural forest conditions. Many local arborists and land managers attended the first workshop; the second workshop was for nonprofessionals.

I watched Klinger demonstrate his method on a big, old oak tree at Hidden Villa. First he used loppers to cut back underbrush that was crowding the tree. Then he used a gallon-sized scoop to take minerals out of a bucket and spread them under the tree, advising workshop participants to keep looking up to see that they were covering beyond the drip line (the outer-most edges of the tree). He said that the roots often extend beyond the drip line.

Then he used a hand-pump sprayer to thoroughly coat the tree trunk (as high as he could reach with the sprayer) with a mixture of hydrated lime, sea salt and milk—making sure to get into all the cracks in the trunk bark.

He used a wheelbarrow to mix the minerals: azomite, oyster shell calcium, and rock phosphate. For a very large tree, shoveling these minerals from the wheelbarrow is an alternative to using buckets and scoops.

Klinger recommended watering deeply after spreading the minerals, rather than digging the minerals into the ground.

After the minerals, for one big tree, he adds a cubic yard of manure-compost and then covers that with two or three cubic yards of mulch. He also adds compost tea.

“All the materials I use are natural fertilizers typically used in organic agriculture,” Klinger said. “The treatment I offer does not involve any synthetic chemicals, fungicides or pesticides.”

It seems to me that Klinger’s method is an organic, sustainable, ecologically sound way of preserving our native ancient giant beautiful oak trees.

For more information, see the Sudden Oak Life website, or contact: Lee Klinger, P.O. Box 664, Big Sur 93920. Phone: 831-917-7070. E;mail: lee@suddenoaklife.org

About This Column: Each week Pam Walatka will explore life in Los Altos Hills. Pam has lived in Los Altos Hills since 1978 and has been gardening organically and sustainably since 1968. Contact Pam at pamwalatka@yahoo.com or visit pamwalatka.com.





Hidden Villa workshop resources

27 01 2011

Thanks to all the tree and land care professionals who attended the Oak Health Workshop that I taught today at Hidden Villa. Thanks also to Lisa, Maggie, Bill, and others on the staff at Hidden Villa who helped make this workshop happen. Below are the links to some of the papers and books discussed in my talk.

Forest vegetation and soil succession
A 2009 scientific paper by L. Klinger   Read On>>

A holistic approach to mitigating pathogenic effects on trees
A 2008 scientific paper by L. Klinger   Read On >>

Bryophytes and soil acidification effects on trees: the case of Sudden Oak Death
A 2005 scientific paper by L. Klinger   Read On >>

Examining the relationship between fire history and sudden oak death patterns
A scientific paper by M. Moritz and D. Odion   Read On >>

Ecological evidence for large-scale silviculture by California Indians (Chapter 6)
by L. Klinger; in Unlearning the Language of Conquest edited by Four Arrows   Read On >>

Tending the wild
An excellent book by M Kat Anderson  Read On>>





Toro Canyon oaks after two years of fire mimicry

13 01 2011

Coast live oaks in Toro Canyon new Santa Barbara were treated two years ago with fire mimicry. The photo comparisons are presented below. While these oaks have shown a very good response to the treatments, they are not significantly different from what was seen last year (see Toro Canyon oaks). This I believe is because the owner, upon seeing the good results after one year, opted to pass on the second-year treatments. The owner has now decided to schedule another round of treatments.

Read the rest of this entry »





Hearst Castle oaks after five years of fire mimicry

13 01 2011

Last week I visited Hearst Castle and re-photographed the oaks that have been undergoing treatments with fire mimicry for the past five years. Below are the results. Note that the last two oaks of this series are included as untreated controls. Last year’s results can be seen here.

Read the rest of this entry »